{"id":9181,"date":"2022-03-20T15:13:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-20T08:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.gov.vn\/?p=9181"},"modified":"2022-12-20T16:01:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T09:01:29","slug":"thi-truong-lao-dong-viec-lam-va-quan-he-lao-dong-trong-dieu-kien-hoi-nhap-o-viet-nam-thuc-trang-va-mot-so-dinh-huong-chinh-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/?p=9181","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trao \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng - vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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GS.TS. \u0110\u1eb7ng Nguy\u00ean Anh<\/span><\/p>

Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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T\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang phi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng sang khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y sinh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (1986), c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, trong khi kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, x\u00e3 vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kinh t\u1ebf h\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m phi n\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u00ean nay thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng – l\u00e2m – ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nhanh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1,6% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 30 n\u0103m qua ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p phi n\u00f4ng, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh phi n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 1989, h\u01a1n 71% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u00e2m – ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi 42% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng – l\u00e2m – ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p. Trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng song l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1ed1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n nay, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh phi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m “lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng” (H\u00ecnh 1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khi h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec t\u1ea1m ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u00e0 ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp, nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng ca c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn m\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh ch\u00e2y \u00ec, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi xem x\u00e9t th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tH\u00ecnh 1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ngu\u1ed3n: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (2015)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra lao \u0111\u1ed9ng-vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m 2018 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 55,35 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n chi\u1ebfm 67,4%. S\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 54,25 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho 1,5-1,6 tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u00ean 100.000 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, nam chi\u1ebfm 48,3% v\u00e0 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 51,1%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0 2,2% v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi 3,4%. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 12% cao g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed3n C\u1eedu Long v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u00f3m thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao \u0111\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u00ean. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c cho n\u1eb1ng do thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho con c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc l\u00ean cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khi v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xin vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>

\u00a0T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tham gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cao so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00f4ng nh\u00e0n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thu nh\u1eadp. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y di c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n – \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n sinh k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0103n xa. Di c\u01b0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u2013 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tH\u00ecnh 2. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2018<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean H\u00ecnh 2 cho th\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 th\u1ec3\/c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 (72,2% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 39,2 tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tuy \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean song chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng cao (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 12,4% v\u00e0 5,6%). Lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng nay chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (0,2% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 81,5 ngh\u00ecn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng nhanh. N\u0103m 2018, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm 40% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb cao g\u1ea5p 1,7 l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (54,9% so v\u1edbi 32,8%). N\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2009, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng 10,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m 2018, chi\u1ebfm 43,9% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 53,9%, cao h\u01a1n 1,2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong nh\u00f3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u1eef v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o (65,4%) cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nam (34,6%). Thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 2018 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p (5,871 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng). Trong \u0111\u00f3, nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n 12% so v\u1edbi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi (6,183 so v\u1edbi 5,446 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng).<\/p>

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 22,3% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (14,3%). T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u00ean (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 26,0% v\u00e0 20,4%). C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 16,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn (89%) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, cho th\u1ea5y r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tay ngh\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/p>

Chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1. N\u0103m 2018, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c “n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m, thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n” chi\u1ebfm 37,7%, gi\u1ea3m 24,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2000. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 20% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, khu v\u1ef1c “c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng” t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 13% t\u1edbi 26,7% v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c “d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5” t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 24,8% t\u1edbi 35,6% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n sang khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean 26,7%, khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00ean 35,6%, \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>

C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ba t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf. Th\u1ee9 hai, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 – Trung s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 tuy c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc song v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gia t\u0103ng. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, B\u1ed9 L\u0110TB&XH (2020), s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ghi nh\u1eadn trong Qu\u00fd I n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 1,1 tri\u1ec7u (t\u0103ng 26,8 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>

Trong khi cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (CMCN4.0) \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, tay ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Quy m\u00f4 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thu h\u1eb9p do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a r\u00f4b\u1ed1t s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0m. CMCN4.0 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tinh vi, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u2026 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t may, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, du l\u1ecbch d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u2026 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thu h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tay ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong khi nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec thu nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch thu nh\u1eadp s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eafc t\u0103ng GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ngay t\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tay ngh\u1ec1 cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 r\u00f4b\u1ed1t thay th\u1ebf lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cung \u2013 c\u1ea7u, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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2. Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng-vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam song nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 1% c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, 28% doanh nghi\u1ec7p coi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i hay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 2014). N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t song tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c – nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.1. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd; ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf; quan h\u1ec7 cung – c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thang l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng; thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p cho lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f4i d\u01b0 do c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0u, tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u1ef1u chi\u1ebfn binh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n giao x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>

Khi so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, trong khi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i thua k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (H\u00ecnh 3).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tH\u00ecnh 3. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh: Vi\u1ec7t Nam so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc OECD v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng\n<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ngu\u1ed3n: OECD (2014); Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (2014)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u gi\u1eefa khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhanh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI). Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 song n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eddi sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1nh tranh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n (Hansen, Rand, v\u00e0 Torm, 2015; Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n-c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, 2014). T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7\/2020, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 1,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e1ng (so v\u1edbi 1,49 tri\u1ec7u\/th\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u2013 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng th\u00eam 7,38%). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam 5,5% t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1\/7\/2020 theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch Covid-19. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, do m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eb1m ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u201cm\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u201d v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngay c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. M\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i…<\/p>

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5-7% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng, trong khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a 93-95% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng chung. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u hay b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd hay t\u0103ng ca, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 20% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 60% thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf (ph\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 2014).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.2. Quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay cho th\u1ea5y di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a, quan li\u00eau, bao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung (Schweisshelm, 2014). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tuy \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau, song m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch. C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 2019 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VCCI), Li\u00ean minh H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VCA) c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan (Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u00e1nh Ly, 2015). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o theo \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t” v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp (H\u00ecnh 4).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tH\u00ecnh 4. S\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n theo lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p\n<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2014)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 2019 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00fd do. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi song quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong khi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>

B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee6y ban Quan h\u1ec7 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIRC) m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 2007 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ba b\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ee6y ban n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 do thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eeba.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.3. Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

\u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ta so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 do hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i theo C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 87 c\u1ee7a ILO v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u01a1ng (CPTPP) th\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam cam k\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gia nh\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 2019 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf (thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ILO v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd gia nh\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra \u201cd\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>

T\u1ef1 do li\u00ean k\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i trao quy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tham gia t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ra ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh; thu ph\u00ed th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u00ecnh; gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>

\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1edfi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu tham gia m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tham gia l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh do ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh (th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00ed, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n). Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea1nh tranh, thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gia nh\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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2.4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/p>

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,<\/em><\/strong> v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd.\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c trong vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb r\u1ee7i ro khi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lan t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a CMCN4.0, c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung \u2013 c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nhu c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i 40 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi CMCN4.0.<\/p>

Th\u1ee9 hai,<\/em><\/strong> v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, x\u1eed l\u00fd tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e3nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng, v.v\u2026 B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 trung h\u1ea1n, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng song song v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp (nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m).\u00a0<\/p>

Th\u1ee9 ba,<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ea7n s\u1edbm h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2019 m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xin ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t sinh. Vi\u1ec7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,<\/em><\/strong> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an sinh, ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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3. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xem x\u00e9t th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng-vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh cao v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.\u00a0 B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng lan t\u1ecfa. Kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung \u1ee9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh Covid-19, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 \u0111ang l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t – nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c sau khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. Sau Covid-19 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, r\u00f4b\u1ed1t h\u00f3a s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/p>

– Ban Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ed5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u tra D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 \u1edf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 T\u1ed5ng \u0110i\u1ec1u tra D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 0 gi\u1edd ng\u00e0y 1\/4\/2019. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>

– B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. 2019 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 20\/11\/2019.<\/p>

– C\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. 2020. \u201cC\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d\u00a0Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 18.<\/p>

– Hansen, Henrik, John Rand, and Nina Torm. 2015. The Impact of Minimum Wage Adjustments on Vietnamese Workers\u2019 Hourly Wages. ILO Working Paper.<\/p>

– ILO. 2016. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ILO-Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/—asia\/—ro-bangkok\/—ilo-hanoi\/documents\/genericdocument\/wcms_434273.pdf<\/a><\/p>

– Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0. 2015.\u00a0B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2035 \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.\u00a0Nxb H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>

– Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).2014. Social Cohesion Policy Review of Vietnam. Research report, OECD, Paris.<\/p>

– Schweisshelm, Erwin. 2014. Trade Unions in Transition – Changing Industrial Relations in Vietnam. Friedrich-Ebert-Stifung Brief Paper. Hanoi<\/p>

– T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2014.\u00a0T\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u0103m 2014. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>

– T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng-Th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh v\u00e0 X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. 2019.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u tra Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng-vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m 2018. Nxb Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>

– Trinh Khanh Ly. 2015. The Right to Strike in Vietnam\u2019s Private Sector. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 2<\/p>

– Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n-c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n. 2014.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n – C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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B\u00e0i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2026-2030\u201d...\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a S\u1edf N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng...\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTri\u1ec3n khai \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n s\u1ed1 3174\/\u0110A-UBND v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n La...\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t \n \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t \n\t \n\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":9184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nghien-cuu-trao-doi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/99"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9181"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9243,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9181\/revisions\/9243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quanhelaodong.moha.gov.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}